Begonias are a popular choice for gardeners due to their vibrant flowers and versatility.
However, many begonia enthusiasts struggle with overwintering these beautiful plants.
In this article, we’ll explore the different types of begonias, how to prepare them for winter, and the best techniques for overwintering.
Different Types of Begonias
Begonias come in various types, each with its own distinct characteristics and needs. Here are the three main types:
Tuberous Begonias
Tuberous begonias have thick, fleshy stems that store water and nutrients.
They are prized for their large, showy flowers that come in vibrant colors.
These begonias are often grown in gardens or containers for their impressive blooms, which can resemble roses or camellias.
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Cane Begonias
Cane begonias are recognized by their long, slender stems that resemble canes.
They grow upright and bushy, making them ideal for adding height and structure to gardens or indoor spaces.
Cane begonias produce clusters of colorful flowers and are appreciated for their graceful appearance and lush foliage.
Fibrous Begonias
Fibrous begonias feature thin, fibrous stems that are flexible and often used in hanging baskets or containers.
They have a trailing growth habit, making them perfect for cascading down from pots or elevated planters.
Fibrous begonias are valued for their dainty flowers and ability to thrive in shaded areas, making them versatile choices for gardeners.
Preparing Your Begonias for Winter
Preparing your begonias for winter ensures they survive the cold months and thrive again in the spring.
Here are detailed steps for each type:
Tuberous Begonias
Reduce watering as fall approaches
As the weather cools in the fall, begonias need less water.
Reduce watering frequency to once a week to prevent waterlogging, which can lead to rotting of tubers.
Cut back foliage when frost threatens
Before the first frost, trim back the foliage of tuberous begonias to about 6 inches from the ground.
This helps protect the tubers from frost damage and prepares them for dormancy.
Carefully dig up tuberous begonias
Once the foliage is trimmed, carefully dig up the tubers from the soil.
Use a garden fork or trowel to gently lift the tubers, being careful not to damage them.
Dry tuberous begonias for a few days
Allow the dug-up tubers to air dry in a cool, dry place for a few days.
This drying period helps prevent fungal diseases and ensures the tubers are ready for storage.
Store tuberous begonias in a cool, dark location
Store the dried tubers in a cool (around 45-50°F), dark location with good air circulation.
Ideal storage places include a basement, garage, or cellar.
Avoid storing them in overly damp or warm areas.
Cane and Fibrous Begonias
Choose healthy plants to bring indoors
Select healthy cane and fibrous begonias with no signs of disease or pest infestations to bring indoors for the winter.
Prune for size and shape (optional):
Optionally, prune the plants to maintain their size and shape before bringing them indoors.
This can help manage their growth during the winter months.
Gradually reduce watering and fertilizing
Begin reducing watering and fertilizing gradually as fall progresses.
This helps the plants adjust to lower light and cooler temperatures indoors.
Be careful not to overwater during this transition period.
Overwintering Techniques
Overwintering begonias is crucial to ensure they survive the colder months and thrive again in the spring.
Here are detailed techniques for each type:
Tuberous Begonias
Storage options
After drying, store tuberous begonia tubers in peat moss, paper bags, or vermiculite.
These materials help maintain the right level of moisture without causing rot.
Ensure the storage location is dry and has good air circulation to prevent mold or mildew.
Ideal storage conditions
Store tubers in a cool, dark, frost-free location where temperatures remain around 50°F (10°C).
Basements, garages, or insulated sheds are suitable places.
Avoid areas prone to temperature fluctuations or direct sunlight, as this can damage the tubers.
Check for rot
Periodically check stored tubers for signs of rot or mold.
Remove any damaged tubers immediately to prevent spreading to healthy ones.
Proper ventilation and regular inspection are key to preserving tubers during winter storage.
Cane and Fibrous Begonias
Place pots in a bright, indirect light location
Bring potted cane and fibrous begonias indoors before the first frost.
Place them in a location with bright, indirect light, such as near a north-facing window or under grow lights.
This ensures they receive enough light without being exposed to direct sun, which can scorch their leaves.
Maintain consistent moisture
Keep the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged.
Water thoroughly when the top inch of soil feels dry to the touch.
Adjust watering frequency based on indoor humidity levels and plant needs, ensuring the soil doesn’t dry out completely between waterings.
Reduce fertilization
During winter, reduce fertilization to minimal levels or completely stop feeding your cane and fibrous begonias.
The plants are in a dormant phase and require less nutrients.
Over-fertilization can lead to weak growth or root burn, so it’s best to provide only essential nutrients sparingly.
Tips for Success
Successfully overwintering begonias requires attention to detail and careful monitoring.
Here are additional tips to ensure your begonias thrive during the winter months:
Monitor temperature
Temperature range
Keep a close eye on the temperature in your storage area or indoor location where begonias are overwintering.
For tuberous begonias, maintain a stable temperature around 50°F (10°C) to prevent them from freezing or becoming too warm, which can stimulate premature growth.
Temperature fluctuations
Avoid drastic temperature fluctuations, as these can stress begonias and affect their health.
Sudden drops or rises in temperature can cause shock to plants, leading to weakened growth or susceptibility to diseases.
Check for pests
Regular inspections
Regularly inspect your begonias for pests such as aphids, whiteflies, or spider mites.
These pests can thrive in indoor environments during winter and may infest plants if not detected early.
Pest control methods
If you notice pests, promptly treat affected plants with appropriate methods.
This may include gently washing leaves with soapy water, using insecticidal sprays, or employing natural predators like ladybugs to control pest populations.
Provide good air circulation
Preventing disease
Ensure there is adequate air circulation around begonias, especially in storage areas or indoor spaces.
Good airflow helps prevent fungal diseases like powdery mildew and botrytis, which can thrive in humid or stagnant conditions.
Space management:
Arrange plants to allow space between them for air to circulate freely.
Avoid overcrowding, as this can create microclimates conducive to disease development.
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Conclusion
Overwintering begonias is a process that needs careful planning and attention to detail.
By following these steps and techniques, you can ensure your begonias survive the winter and thrive, giving you beautiful flowers and foliage for many years.
FAQs
The best way to store begonia tubers is in a cool, dark location with good air circulation. Peat moss, paper bags, or vermiculite are good storage options.
Check the plants regularly for signs of life, such as new growth or flowers. Also, monitor the temperature and humidity levels in your storage location to ensure they remain within the recommended range.
Yes, begonias can be overwintered in a greenhouse. However, ensure the greenhouse is well-ventilated and maintains a consistent temperature around 50°F.
